Enzymes speed up the reaction process and the properties of the active site is important becuase it is where the reactant(s) binds . The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called the substrate and it fits the active site because the amino acids facing the active site attract. The enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction by putting it in such a way to stablize the reaction.
All the concentration of all of the molecules involved in the reaction affects the reaction rate, for example the more of the enzyme the faster the reaction. Increaseing the reaction until the point the enzyme present is saturated with the substrate, which brings the example of "increasing the amount of raw materials will increase production.
Wich leads into callulose, found in the cell walls of plants, is the source of sugar to organisms that produce cellulases. Cellulases catayze the creakdown of cellulose to glucose. Humans and other animals do not produce celluases. Some plant eating animals are hosts to other organisms that possesses the enzymes for example: termites that have protozoan in their gut that breaks down wood.
The biofuel industry uses cellulases to convert the cellulose in plant cell walls into sugar which convert into ethanol by microbial fermentation. The ethanol tcan be use in certain engines or in comboination with gasoline to power cars, trucks and airplane engines. For celluosic ethanol production, lignins must be removed because they inhibit enzymatic activity of cellulases.
Procedure:
DAY 1
get the 15ml conical tubes labeled: stop solution, 1.5mM Substrate, Enzyme, Buffer
label 5 cuvettes E1-E5
label the two remaining cuvettes "Start" and "End"
use DPTP, to pipet solution into each cuvette
label empty 15ml conical tube "Enzyme Reaction" and the other "Control"
use clean DPTP \, put 2ml of 1.5mM substrate into the 15ml conial tube labeled "Enzyme Reaction". Then pipet 1ml of 1.5mM substrate into conical tube labeled "Control"
label one DPTP "E" for enzyme and the other "C" for control
use DPTP labeled "C" to puit 500 of buffer into the 15ml conical tube labeled control and mix
once mixed add it to the cuvette labeld "start"
pipet 1ml of enzyme into 15ml conical tube labeled "Enzyme Reaction" THEN START THE TIMER
remove 500 of the solution from the "Enzyme Reaction" tube and add it to the right labeled cuvette with stop soluation
after all the enzyme samples have been taken, use the DPTP labeled "C" to remove 500 from the "Control" reaction tube and add it to the cuvette "End"
DAY 2
Take the mushroom and take 1 gram of it
grind it in the mortar and pestle to make a slurry
add 2ml of mushroom
put the tube onto a seperator go-round
then label the cuvettes labeled 1-6
use DPTP, to pipet solution into each cuvette
label empty 15ml conical tube "Enzyme Reaction" and the other "Control"
use clean DPTP \, put 2ml of 1.5mM substrate into the 15ml conial tube labeled "Enzyme Reaction". Then pipet 1ml of 1.5mM substrate into conical tube labeled "Control"
label one DPTP "E" for enzyme and the other "C" for control
use DPTP labeled "C" to puit 500 of buffer into the 15ml conical tube labeled control and mix
once mixed add it to the cuvette labeld "start"
pipet 1ml of enzyme into 15ml conical tube labeled "Enzyme Reaction" THEN START THE TIMER
remove 500 of the solution from the "Enzyme Reaction" tube and add it to the right labeled cuvette with stop soluation
after all the enzyme samples have been taken, use the DPTP labeled "C" to remove 500 from the "Control" reaction tube and add it to the cuvette "End"
Results and Observations:
When adding the stop solution it caused the cuvettes to notg kepp getting yellower then it could have been
grinding the mushroom into the slurry didnt look like it would work as the enzyme
Discussion:
a) personally the hypothesis of grinding the mushroom I thought it wouldnt work at well as using pure enzyme from DAY 1
b) When grinding the mushroom slurry there could be errors of not grinding it enough and not releasing the enzyme in the slurry.
